At Home at the Zoo

Here is the text of the new act in Albee's At Home at the Zoo. When the play was produced here in Philadelphia, Tim Treanor wrote this account:

- - -

Jerry (Andrew Polk), a disheveled man with a two-day growth of beard, is walking through Central Park when he discovers Peter (T. Scott Cunningham) reading on a bench. He stares at Peter for a while like a man looking at a takeout menu, and then accosts him aggressively with a stream of questions. Who are you? What are you doing? Where do you live? What do you do for a living? How much do you make? Peter is startled but compelled by good manners to respond to the stranger. He describes his cats and his parakeets; his wife and kids; and the comforts of his tidy life.

Eventually the conversation turns to Jerry; his miserable past and his miserable present; his tiny room in his West Side rooming house with the empty picture frames; his fat drunken landlady, who seeks to press her amorous body against Jerry; and her huge priapetic mastiff, who would like to make a meal out of him. As Peter grows more and more uncomfortable, Jerry tells a long, bizarre story, full of love and violence, to show how he managed to improve his relationship with the dog to one of indifference. He misses the dog’s hatred, Jerry explains, which at least was something. Peter says he has no idea what Jerry is talking about, at which point Jerry flings him from the bench – and when Peter tries to sit down again, takes out a switchblade. This is The Zoo Story, as it was fifty-one years ago: the stunning debut of a young writer named Edward Albee.

It may not have been readily apparent at the time that it was Peter, and not Jerry, who was the mystery in this play, but the passage of time has shown that it is so. Jerry is the sort of desperate emotional nihilist we have come to recognize not just from literature but, sadly, from life as well. Jerry’s bleak existence does not admit of the possibility of joy. He does not hope for success, but only to stave off failure. Finally, the effort proves too much.

But what’s Peter’s story? Why does he respond to Jerry’s overtures, and, once Jerry begins to describe the hideous events in his life, why doesn’t he leave? It was a bad idea to engage in conversation with ominous, rough-dressed strangers in Central Park even in 1958. Why don’t Jerry’s increasingly violent gestures drive Peter back to the safety of his fine Upper East Side apartment? And whatever possesses him to stay and fight when Jerry appropriates his bench?

After four decades of critical acclaim and popular success, Albee was, in 2004, in a position to give us the tools to answer those questions. He did so by crafting an antecedent Act for The Zoo Story, and combining them in a new creation called At Home at the Zoo. It shows Peter (T. Scott Cunningham) in a sort of stasis pod of domestic life, an hour before his fateful trip to Central Park. He and his wife Ann (Susan McKay) are experiencing the weather of the East Coast wealthy: boredom, with the possibility of sex before evening. It is a dream of safety – and it will not be fully punctured until the second Act.

Peter, a textbook publisher, is reading a manuscript which will be, he promises, the most boring they ever published – but he is so absorbed in it that he doesn’t hear Ann talking to him, even when she says the most ominous words woman ever said to man: “We have to talk”.

What they have to talk about is sex, but they are so reticent, so cultured, so damned polite that they keep dipping away from the subject – talking about hard-boiled spinach, say, or the origin of the phrase “fly-by-night.” They have had sex, of course – cultured, polite, reticent sex, without danger or animal noises. But in the bleak Septembers of their lives, they are feeling even this pale imitation slipping away. Ann contemplates having her breasts removed as a prophylactic against cancer. (Or – using Albee’s precise locution, she’s “thinking about thinking about” having them removed). Peter so feels his sexuality in retreat that he imagines his circumcision is reversing, and his foreskin is growing back. Ann puts her finger on the possibility that is flying away from them – that of feeling sex so powerfully that it transforms them, once again, into pure animals for a moment or two – but that possibility is so frightening, so impolite that they both back away in a flurry of apologies.

They do share a final, hysterical conversation – an animal fantasy, full of danger, or the imitation of danger, before lapsing once again into their safe world. You sense it is their final such conversation. “We’re eating ourselves,” Ann says in a post-mortem that sounds post-coital. “We’re eating ourselves.”

Does this new first Act illuminate The Zoo Story, and explain how Peter’s life necessarily made him the accessory to the story’s horrifying climax? In spades, brothers and sisters. In At Home At The Zoo – the new, complete work – Albee is channeling W.H. Auden, who once said:

A solitude ten thousand fathoms deep
Sustains the bed on which we lie, my dear:
Although I love you, you will have to leap;
Our dream of safety has to disappear.

* * *

Were he one of the Jonas Brothers, he would have been surrounded by security, and the lobby would be full of his acolytes. But he is only the greatest living playwright in the world, and so he stands, nearly alone, in the lobby, during intermission. Two women of late middle years are expressing their admiration for his work, and he cheerfully signs their programs. While Albee’s characters are often dying of politeness, it is clear that he does not object to the principle of good manners. He meanders back to his seat when the first dimming of the lights signifies the start of the second Act and sits there, eight or so rows back in an aisle seat, smiling, looking interested. How many times has he seen this Act, which is also his first produced play? Dozens? A hundred? His eyes shine as Jerry hovers over Peter, trying to decide whether to speak. As the Act proceeds he grows pensive; moves slightly in his chair, cocks his head quizzically…and then smiles and nods. This play has not lost its capacity to surprise – even its creator.

An interval passes after the close of the play, and now Albee is on stage with Toby Zinman, the principal critic for the Philadelphia Inquirer. Zinman is an Albee scholar, an experience critic – and a good one – who is not afraid to be controversial (go here to learn more about Zinman’s adventures with the Philadelphia theater community), but she seems anxious, sharing the stage with Albee. “You’ve told me to be an ‘immoderator,’” she says, “so let’s start with…sex.” She edges a little further back in her chair, as if afraid that Albee will bite her.

He does not. With his grown-out Fu Manchu and cowboy boots, Albee looks like the uncle who spent his life having fun while everyone else in the family worked in the insurance business. Sex is fine; he’ll talk about sex…beginning with sex in At Home at the Zoo and then within the larger context of his work and then finally within our lives, the largest context of all. He talks about our paralytic fear of sex; our refusal to acknowledge our animal natures, which always end up getting the better of us.

He talks about money, too – another immoderate subject. The original production of The Zoo Story, he reveals, cost eight thousand dollars to mount; and the first New York production of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf cost only forty-two thousand. By way of comparison, the 2005-2007 revival, with Kathleen Turner and Bill Irwin, cost a million three. Of course money plays a role in the way theater is developing, he says, and not always a good one.

He gives us little glimpses into his creative life, and what we might next expect from his pen (literally; he writes in longhand). He has two plays in mind; one involves a psychiatrist; and it is hard not to imagine that the psychiatrist is going to take it on the chin. He recounts snippets of his early days; how he was pleased by beautiful art, and thought to be a visual artist; and charmed by great music, and thought he might become a composer. “But I was incompetent,” in those fields, he says with an air of clinical detachment. He says he listens to music while he writes, particularly Bach, and the rhythm of the music – the patterned sound and silence – helps him find the rhythm of the words. He makes comparisons between musical notation and punctuation. A dot after a quarter note adds an extra eighth to it, so that it is three-eighths of a beat, he observes, and so is distinguished from the quarter-length alone in the same way as a semicolon is distinguished from a comma.

He talks about stage directions, and the artistry of precision. He remembers directing a passage in Happy Days where Beckett calls for a two-second pause followed, after some speech, by a three-second pause; as an experiment, he had the actor do the three-second pause where Beckett said two seconds, and the two-second pause where…and, by God, it was wrong!

Someone asks him why, in the second Act, Peter doesn’t just leave when Jerry starts acting crazy. Although Albee seemed to answer that question, and several like it, by writing the new first Act, he seems unperturbed to hear it again. Once, he says, he suggested in rehearsal that if the actor playing Peter felt really uncomfortable with what Jerry was doing on stage he get up and leave. Under the threat of such a possibility – a possibility which would have been real had they really been in Central Park – the actor playing Jerry would invent the sort of persona needed to keep Peter in the room.

A schoolteacher asks him how she can get her students to understand that going to the theater will give them a different experience than reading scripts. Have them see the plays in their heads, says Albee, and you can see him seeing his plays in his head – not just the part on stage, but afterward, when Peter comes home to Ann with the terrible burden of the day’s events in his heart, and later, when they are in bed, awake, silent, afraid. A Bach fugue plays in the background.

* * *

It’s not my purpose to review Philadelphia theater, except to observe that the production done by Philadelphia Theatre Company does Albee’s work justice, and that Albee himself seemed pleased. Cunningham in particular gives a complex, layered performance as Peter; he stays barely this side of passive-aggressive, and the violence hidden behind his politeness is palpable. At one point Peter tells Ann about a horrible event which happened while he was a college; Cunningham does such a good job in establishing his ambiguous character that I couldn’t tell whether Peter is making this story up or not.

Polk also brings an unusual amount of subtlety to a character who is more generally played with strutting machismo. He still carries his sense of danger with him, but it is a rounder, more elegant thing, and Polk emphasizes Jerry’s needier aspects, thus making the climax more important. I do not know if the new first Act compels this more nuanced performance, or if this is something Polk brings to the dance himself, but I liked it.

The Philadelphia Theatre Company operates in the Suzanne Roberts Theatre at 480 South Broad Street. The production is in a beautiful space, comfortably large, with good sightlines and acoustics. The seats are also comfortably large, which is increasingly a premium with me. There is good theater outside of Washington and New York, and I’m glad I took this trip, and saw this provocative play.

At Home At the Zoo
By Edward Albee
Directed by Mary Robinson
Produced by Philadelphia Theatre Company

Running Time: Two hours, with one intermission.

Where: The Philadelphia Theatre Company in the Suzanne Roberts Theatre at 480 S. Broad Street.

new production of "Who's Afraid...?"

December 12, 2010
Theater Review | 'Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'
Watch It, Martha: This George Is a Stealth Bomb
By CHARLES ISHERWOOD

CHICAGO — Tracy Letts has a national profile — a modest international one, even — on the strength of his name as a playwright. “August: Osage County,” his bleak, brilliant comedy-drama about an imploding American family, collected most of the major theater awards, including the Tony for best play and the Pulitzer Prize.

But in Chicago his renown as a playwright came as the second act of an already established career as a performer. Mr. Letts has been a working actor here for more than two decades, winning acclaim in plays ranging from David Mamet’s “American Buffalo” to Richard Greenberg’s “Three Days of Rain” to Martin McDonagh’s “Pillowman.”

His commanding performance as George in the Steppenwolf Theater Company’s revival of Edward Albee’s “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” will surely come as no surprise to local theatergoers. But it is hard to imagine that it will not prove a high point in Mr. Letts’s career, for the simple reason that it would be a high point in any actor’s. (Mr. Letts’s only New York stage appearance to date came in the Steppenwolf production of Austin Pendleton’s play “Orson’s Shadow” Off Broadway.)

Mr. Letts’s sparring partner in Mr. Albee’s three-act epic of marital discord is none other than Amy Morton, who starred in “August” at Steppenwolf (where the play had its premiere in 2007), on Broadway and beyond. Her steely Barbara, chief adversary in a merciless battle of wills and wits with her pill-popping mother, was an unforgettable portrait of a wounded woman whose fighting spirit proved to be a match for even the brutal Violet of Deanna Dunagan, one of the scariest of scary moms in all of American drama.

The qualities Ms. Morton brought to that Tony-nominated performance — a husky, resonant voice, a forceful presence and acute intelligence — are all fittingly on display in her turn as Mr. Albee’s relentless antagonist Martha, who surely donated an aesthetic chromosome or two to Mr. Letts’s wily Violet.

It’s taking nothing away from Ms. Morton’s bone-dry, adroit performance to suggest that the revelation of this fine production, directed by Pam MacKinnon (Mr. Albee’s “Peter and Jerry”) and featuring Madison Dirks and Carrie Coon as Nick and Honey, is Mr. Letts’s spellbinding George. (The production, Steppenwolf’s first-ever of a play by Mr. Albee because of an ancient conflict, now resolved, moves to the Arena Stage in Washington after its Chicago run.)

Mr. Letts’s performance is so striking because in most productions George is the less showy of the two central roles. (Less rewarded, certainly: Elizabeth Taylor won an Oscar for her Martha in the movie, but the equally fine — perhaps finer — Richard Burton racked up another loss.) Martha’s braying tends to be the dominant note in Mr. Albee’s dissonant quartet, her predatory maneuvers ceding the stage to George’s more sophisticated game playing only in the final stretches. But in this production, George’s stealthy journey from apparently passive victim to merciless aggressor — and ultimately to liberator of both himself and his wife from the destructive delusions they share — becomes the transfixing drama taking place beneath the surface fireworks.

Mr. Letts has played George before — under the direction of Ms. Morton, intriguingly, at the Alliance Theater in Atlanta in 2003. The nuance, comic variety and emotional depth of his performance evidence how deeply he has explored every suffocating corner and dry expanse of George’s life-corroded soul. He knows this man right down to the marrow and brings fresh shadings to every layer of Mr. Albee’s portrait of the ultimate enabler.

While doing no violence to the role’s conception — the hunched shoulders, hands plunged like moles in the cardigan pockets and eyes disappearing behind mousy glasses are standard signifiers of George’s defeated state — Mr. Letts also makes it clear early on that George is at no point the spineless milquetoast he chooses to impersonate. Even when he recoils from one of his wife’s vicious taunts or reckless revelations, George exudes a calculating intensity, as of a cornered animal tensed for attack.

The rigor with which Mr. Letts’s George shapes his every phrase, the delicate inflections he brings to his mordant joking — and Mr. Letts handily scores the evening’s strongest and most consistent laughs — are but the more refined manifestations of an ever-vigilant will that slowly begins to manifest itself in physical form. The whinnying laugh is a bit of vocal camouflage; the real George flashes forth in his dark, clipped intimations that Martha has gone too far.

It is chilling to be so intimately aware of the implacable ruthlessness with which George plans the evisceration of his wife’s comforting fantasies. When he finally unleashes the full force of his fury on Martha, the bloodletting almost comes as a relief, even as it makes you catch your breath. (This is the only time I’ve seen the play when I felt a protective impulse toward Martha.)

As the couple sustaining collateral damage during the drawn-out campaign between George and Martha, Mr. Dirks and Ms. Coon at first seem likely to fade into the chintz couches. But Ms. Coon, drawing less on the simpering affability that Sandy Dennis employed in her definitive film performance, imbues the sozzled Honey with a sweet sympathy and a hint of a backbone, and her tantrum of anguish at her husband’s betrayal is powerfully affecting. Mr. Dirks’s role as dart board, stud for hire and straight man is the play’s most thankless, but he fulfills it capably.

Ms. Morton’s Martha, unusually, comes across as a sometimes tentative antagonist, as if she senses that the game truly has changed and isn’t sure she wants to fully engage under the new rules of combat. But as the vanquished Martha, raw and desperate, she is devastating. The hard mask of a cynical woman has cracked open to reveal the yearning face of a frightened girl desperate for comfort.

The consoling embrace of Mr. Letts’s George is equally moving. As ruthless as he has been, George alone has the insight to see that he and Martha revile in each other only the weakness in themselves. And he alone can summon the courage to sacrifice the consoling illusion that first knit them together in their sadness, only to leave them more isolated than ever in the bitter, solitary battle of life.

WHO’S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF?

By Edward Albee; directed by Pam MacKinnon; sets by Todd Rosenthal; costumes by Nan Cibula-Jenkins; lighting by Allen Lee Hughes; sound by Rob Milburn and Michael Bodeen; fight choreography by Nick Sandys; stage manager, Malcolm Ewen. Presented by Steppenwolf Theater Company, Martha Lavey, artistic director; David Hawkanson, executive director. At the Downstairs Theater, 1650 North Halsted Street, Chicago; (312) 335-1650; steppenwolf.org. Through Feb. 13. Running time: two hours.

WITH: Carrie Coon (Honey), Madison Dirks (Nick), Tracy Letts (George) and Amy Morton (Martha).

Jerry's tale of the dog - performance of Albee on video

Not surprisingly, there are a number of video recordings posted to YouTube of performances of The Zoo Story, both amateur and professional. You'll note on our reading schedule that you are assigned to view 12 of these. Here's one performance of Jerry's dog tale - and here is part two of the same scene.

special projects

1. Look closely at the biography of John Cheever, taking copious notes on all references to his attitude toward and relationship with his family's genealogy--his ancestors' social standing and status--and on his relationship with his parents and his brother. Write a report that conveys this to us in detail. You can get a copy of the biography from Al on the first day of class. (Due on January 24.) Ari

2. Look closely at the biography of John Cheever, taking copious notes on all references to his sexuality and his relationship with his children. Write a report that conveys these two topics to us in detail. If you decide the two topics are connected, connect them and explain. You can get a copy of the biography from Al on the first day of class. (Due on January 31.) Lucy

3. Read two of Susan Cheever's novels and write us a report on them. The report should be descriptive and straightforward--for the rest of us who presumably have not read these books. What are the novels' themes, approaches, modes? Do they bear any relationship to the books by Cheever we are reading together? (Due on February 7.) Lara

4. Read Mel Gussow's biography of Edward Albee and describe for us the details of Albee's relationships with his adoptive mother and father. And: how does Gussow say this affected a) his education/schooling, b) the beginning of his career as a writer, c) his sexuality, d) the representations of mothers and wives in his plays? (Due on February 21.) Kate

5. Read the following relatively recent plays by Albee and describe them for us: The Play about the Baby, Occupant, and Knock! Knock! Who's There?. What connections and commonalities are there between these three plays and Three Tall Women and The Goat or, Who Is Sylvia?? (Due on March 14.) Sanae

6. Find and read five reviews each for the following recent Albee plays: Three Tall Women, The Goat or, Who Is Sylvia?, and At Home at the Zoo. Summarize the reviews and describe them for us. What aspects of these plays do the reviewers admire and what aspects do they dislike? Now read five contemporary (original) reviews of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and compare those old reviews of that breakthrough play to the reviews of these three recent plays. (Due on March 14.) Daniella

7. Read Carson McCullers' story, "The Ballad of the Sad Cafe," and then read Albee's play adapted from this story, and then watch the film made of them: The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. Write a report describing how Albee adapted the story, and speculate as to why this particular story might have appealed to him. Feel free to consult Mel Gussow's biography of Albee on this point. Be sure in your report to give us basic descriptions of the story and the film as well as Albee's play. (Due on February 28.) Holden

8. Read the following early Albee plays and describe them for us: The Death of Bessie Smith and Tiny Alice. What connections and commonalities are there between these two plays and The Zoo Story, The American Dream and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?? Describe character, format, style & mode, setting, theme/issues, etc. (Due on February 21.) Lance

9. Write a report on Susan Cheever's teaching of writing: her role as a teacher/mentor, her attitudes (such as you can learn about them) toward how young writers learn to write, etc. Begin this by interviewing Jamie-Lee Josselyn, who has been an MFA student of Cheever; if Jamie-Lee is able to put you in touch with other students of Cheever, speak with them insofar as you can. Watch as many relevant videos (presumably YouTube but elsewhere, surely, as well) in which Cheever talks about the vocation of writing, learning to write, teaching writing, MFA programs, etc. This article might be a way to begin. (Due on February 7.) Sam

10. Read Marjorie Perloff's book Wittgenstein's Ladder and prepare a report that serves the purpose of teaching us--those of us who haven't read the book--what it's about, what its mode is, etc. And describe its connections to the essays and books by Perloff that we are reading (insofar as you can do this, given that you might not have read all of them yet yourself). Read two reviews of this book and summarize their response to Perloff. (Due on April 4.) Amaris

11. Read Marjorie Perloff's book 21st-Century Modernism and prepare a report that serves the purpose of teaching us--those of us who haven't read the book--what it's about, what its mode is, etc. And describe its connections to the essays and books by Perloff that we are reading (insofar as you can do this, given that you might not have read all of them yet yourself). Read two reviews of this book and summarize their response to Perloff's book. (Due on April 11.) Sami

12. Read Marjorie Perloff's book The Poetics of Indeterminacy and prepare a report that serves the purpose of teaching us--those of us who haven't read the book--what it's about, what its mode is, etc. And describe its connections to the essays and books by Perloff that we are reading (insofar as you can do this, given that you might not have read all of them yet yourself). Read two reviews of this book and summarize their response to Perloff's book. (Due on March 28.) Amelia

13. Read Marjorie Perloff's book The Dance of the Intellect and prepare a report that serves the purpose of teaching us--those of us who haven't read the book--what it's about, what its mode is, etc. And describe its connections to the essays and books by Perloff that we are reading (insofar as you can do this, given that you might not have read all of them yet yourself). Read two reviews of this book and summarize their response to Perloff's book. (Due on March 28.) Zoe

14. In addition to being a scholar and critic of modernism, and a literary historian of modernist poetry, Marjorie Perloff is known as a supporter of contemporary avant-gardes. Her current book expresses her new interest in what might be called "the conceptual poetry movement," although the term "movement" is arguable in this case (and generally). But there was clearly a "movement" that she promoted, supported, even (one might say) championed or ballyhooed. That was "L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poetry" or "Language writing." There are certainly so-called Language Poets whom Perloff admires more than others and aspects of this style she likes less than others, but overall there was a time when she was rightly considered the most influential eminent critic writing about and teaching about these poets. In your project, trace the history of her support of the Language Poets. Read (and date) her writings on them, try to track her talks on them, and reviews of their books. And talk to as many of these poets as you can about their view of her support of them and of the movement as a whole. Summarize their responses to your questions. Finally, read the introductory pages to her newest book and elsewhere where she recently comments on the Language "school" and summarize her current view for us. Evaluate, as best you can, overall the importance of her support of the Language Poets to their success and influence. (Due on March 28.) Gareth

15. Interview Kenneth Goldsmith on the importance of Marjorie Perloff generally and to him specifically. Your report should be a summary--with quotations, when apt--of your talk with him. (Due on April 18.) Jocelyn

16. Interview Joseph Perloff to get his perspective on the development of Marjorie Perloff's career as a critic and teacher. What is his view on the importance of the Jewish exile experience of her family to the development of her attitudes toward art and culture? What is his view on the importance of the economic theorists surrounding her family (her grandfather and her parents) on the development of her attitudes toward art and culture? (Due on April 4.) Marisa

17. Interview Marjorie Perloff to get her perspectives on academia, on universities, on the state of teaching literature in English departments, on the relationship (positive and/or negative) between academia and poetry, and on the distinctions between Comparative Literature programs and English Literature programs. What is her current view of the youngest generation of poetry critics--including critics and scholars of poetry who are not poets and, distinctly, academic critics who are poets? (Due on April 11.) Rivka

18. Make video recordings of our course and our Fellows' visits throughout the semester. Edit this into a 20-minute video by the time of our "final word" at the end of the semester. Then edit this into an 8-minute video by June 1. Ross

19. Read 15 stories by John Cheever (discuss with Al how you will choose which 15) and write a report that describes themes of family, children and addiction. What commonalities across the stories do you observe? Is there any sort of consistent or semi-consistent point of view conveyed through narrators and/or protagonists or through what you can discern from an authorial view (the latter is tricky so be careful)? (Due on January 31.) Kim

20. The main danger of studying Edward Albee's plays the way we will study them is that we will miss a sense of the theater. Plays are not meant to be read like poems or novels. They are meant to be performed--produced, staged, acted, words said by people in their roles as characters. Your report should do whatever it takes to correct or balance out the misperceptions that naturally come from (mostly) only reading the plays. Research the production of Albee's plays. Learn about his approach to producing and directing. How "hands on" is he in production? How much rewriting takes place when Albee sees a play performed in rehearsal? How does he generally view the work of the playwright once the play has been written? Does he like to see his plays performed? Taking into consideration just the plays we are reading together in this course: are there any or some for which there were major problems associated with production, performance, actors, staging, set design, etc.? Can you find out what some directors or some actors have said about putting on an Albee play? If you can, interview Cary Mazer about these questions. (Due on February 28.) Jess

21. Do a lot of reading and researching on the response to the gay themes in Edward Albee's plays. What role, if any, has Albee played in the gay liberation/gay rights movement? Does he believe there was or is a distinctive gay aesthetic? How did he respond to critics of Tiny Alice? What has he written or said, outside the plays, about being gay? Following is a quotation from a blog called "Gay for Today": "Albee had a major success with Three Tall Women, a play whose central character is a dying woman who has spurned her gay son. In 2001, Albee's The Goat or Who Is Sylvia, a tale of taboo love, which may be a parable about homosexuality, won the Tony Award for Best Play. Albee's place in the history of gay drama is as ambiguous. His early off-Broadway work was, for its time, daring in his mention of homosexuality and its implied homoeroticism. Yet Albee's homosexuality and the gay subtext of his early work came to haunt him. Some heterosexist critics, angered by Albee's scathing picture of modern marriage in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, insisted that George and Martha, the feuding central couple in the play, had to be a crypto-gay couple (by this logic The Taming of a Shrew is a crypto-gay play) or that the play was an act of homosexual spite. By this time, leading New York critics were becoming increasingly hostile toward the more openly gay work of Williams, William Inge, and Albee. When Albee's allegorical Tiny Alice, in which a cardinal and a lawyer are bickering ex-lovers, opened in 1964, critics attacked furiously. Phillip Roth lambasted the play's 'ghastly pansy rhetoric.'" Explore some or all of these issues by reading and research and write a report on Albee's concerns as a gay writer. (Due on March 14.) James

review of Cheever's new Alcott biography

An Alcott biography that reads like a novel
Storytelling lifts Cheever’s version
By Rebecca Steinitz
November 19, 2010
from: boston.com

"No one reads novels for ideas alone. We all read for storytelling,’’ writes Susan Cheever in “Louisa May Alcott: A Personal Biography.’’ Substituting biographies for novels, her words could easily apply to her own book. There are few viable rationales for writing a biography of a popular figure whose story has already been told dozens of times. You can have new information, like Madeleine Stern, whose 1950 biography revealed that the beloved children’s writer also wrote melodramatic potboilers. You can have a new perspective, like John Matteson, whose Pulitzer Prize-winning “Eden’s Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father’’ focused on her most important relationship. Or you can simply tell the story well, as Cheever does here.

One of the most refreshing aspects of this book is its length. In an era when biographers seem compelled to compile cultural surveys, genealogical treatises, medical minutiae, and discussions of every conversation, book, or battle into weighty tomes, Cheever packs an entire life into fewer than 300 pages.

[more]

books to buy

Susan Cheever:
Home Before Dark
Desire
American Bloomsbury
Louisa May Alcott, A Personal Biography

Edward Albee
Albee, Collected Plays 1958-1965
Albee, Collected Plays, 1966-77
Albee, Collected Plays, 1978-2003

Marjorie Perloff
Poetic License
Poetry On & Off the Page
The Vienna Paradox
Soliloquy (by Kenneth Goldsmith)

our reading & meeting schedule

Thursday, Jan 13, 8:30 PM at KWH. special evening class, introduction: read brief excerpts each by Susan Cheever (from chapter 8 of Home before Dark; PDF); by Edward Albee (a scene from The American Dream; PDF); and by Marjorie Perloff (a passage from The Vienna Paradox; PDF).

Mon., Jan 17, 8:30 PM: special evening class at Al's house, 4616 Osage: John Cheever, "Goodbye, My Brother" [web*] and "The Sorrows of Gin" [PDF]

Mon., Jan 24: Susan Cheever, Home Before Dark; Cheever on the decision to become a writer [video]

Mon., Jan 31: Cheever, Desire

Mon., Feb 7: Cheever, American Bloomsbury & Louisa May Alcott: A Personal Biography

Mon., Feb 14 & Tues., Feb 15: Susan Cheever visits

Mon., Feb 21: Edward Albee: The Zoo Story; The American Dream; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?; Albee on creating his characters [video]; watch 12 clips from Zoo Story performances on YouTube; Albee on The American Dream [video]; excerpt from Mel Gussow's biography [PDF]

Mon., Feb 28: Albee, A Delicate Balance; Seascape; All Over (plus DVD of performance of All Over)

Mon., Mar 7: no class – spring break

Mon., Mar 14: Albee, Three Tall Women; The Goat or Who Is Sylvia?; At Home at the Zoo [PDF]; Albee on creativity [video]

Mon., Mar 21 & Tues., Mar 22: Edward Albee visits

Mon., Mar 28: Marjorie Perloff, selected essays:
“Something Is Happening, Mr. Jones” [web]
“The Return of Robert Lowell” [web]
“Can(n)on to the Right of Us…” (in Poetic License)
“Canon & Loaded Guns: Feminist Poetics & the Avant-Garde” (in PL)
“The Two Ariels: The (Re)Making of the Sylvia Plath Canon” (in PL)
“A Step Away from Them: Poetry 1956” (in Poetry On & Off the Page)
“Poetry in a Time of War” (in POOP)

Mon., April 4: Perloff, The Vienna Paradox
"Close Listening" reading & discussion with Charles Bernstein (in PennSound)

Mon., April 11: Perloff, selected essays & talks:
“Avant-Garde Community and the Individual Talent” [web]
“Teaching the ‘new’ Poetries: The Case of Rae Armantrout” [web]
“Writing Poetry after 9/11” [web]
"Why Teach Poetry Anyway?" [YouTube videos: 1 2 3 4 5 6]
"Incognito Lounge" interview with Aldon Nielsen, 1991 [mp3]
“Modernism Now” [web]
“Signs Are Taken for Wonders: The Billboard Field as Poetic Space," from Radical Artifice [PDF]

Mon., April 18: Unoriginal Genius; Kenneth Goldsmith’s Soliloquy, Act 1 (up to p. 109)

Mon., April 25 & Tues., April 26: Marjorie Perloff visits

TBA: Final Words gathering

TBA: Comprehensive Final Exam

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